Developer's Choice: Shell Script :

Developer's Choice: Shell Script :: "' Shell Script is series of command written in plain text file . Shell script is just like batch file is MS-DOS but have more power than..."

Shell Script :

"Shell Script is series of command written in plain text file. Shell script is just like batch file is MS-DOS but have more power than the MS-DOS batch file."

Use of Shell Script

• Shell script can take input from user, file and output them on screen.
• Useful to create our own commands.
• Save lots of time.
• To automate some task of day today life.

We may find all running process by using:-
        $ ps ef
                                         
Find process with the specific_name(For eg- process-name)
       $ ps ef | grep process-name

UNIX : KERNEL

What Kernel Is?
Kernel is heart of Linux Os.
It manages resource of Linux Os. Resources means facilities available in Linux. For e.g. Facility to store data, print data on printer, memory, file management etc .

Kernel decides who will use this resource, for how long and when. It runs your programs (or set up to execute binary files).

The kernel acts as an intermediary between the computer hardware and various programs/application/shell.
                 

It's Memory resident portion of Linux. It performance following task :-

I/O management
Process management
Device management
File management
Memory management

Linux Shell  
Computer understand the language of 0's and 1's called binary language.
In early days of computing, instruction are provided using binary language, which is difficult for all of us, to read and write. So in Os there is special program called Shell. Shell accepts your instruction or commands in English (mostly) and if its a valid command, it is pass to kernel.
Shell is a user program or it's environment provided for user interaction. Shell is an command language interpreter that executes commands read from the standard input device (keyboard) or from a file.
Shell is not part of system kernel, but uses the system kernel to execute programs, create files etc.

Types Of Shell
BASH ( Bourne-Again SHell )
CSH (C SHell)
KSH (Korn SHell)
TCSH

Note that each shell does the same job, but each understand a different command syntax and provides different built-in functions.
Any of the above shell reads command from user (via Keyboard or Mouse) and tells Linux Os what users want. If we are giving commands from keyboard it is called command line interface ( Usually in-front of $ prompt, This prompt is depend upon your shell and Environment that you set or by your System Administrator, therefore you may get different prompt ).
To find your current shell type following command
$ echo $SHELL

SQL SERVER

FIND NAME OF DATABASE IN SQL SERVER

select * from sys.databases

FIND NAME OF TABLES IN DATABASE

use DATABASE_NAME
go
select * from sys.tables
go

FETCH DATA FROM A TABLE

SELECT * FROM TABLE_NAME

FTP : File Transfer from Local System to Server

Step 1 : Open Command Prompt
Step 2 : Go to Source Directory
Step 3 : ftp Ip_Adddress(For eg: ftp 192.168.99.53)
Step 4 : login Credentials
Step 5 : Go to Destination Directory
Step 6 : bin
Step 7 : mput (OR mget)
Step 8 : bye

REMARK : "mput" and "mget" is used to transfer multiple file from source to destination and destination to source directory respectively.
("put" and "get" command can be used for single file transfer )

XML encoding list

XML encoding list
[96264 urls; 154 unique values]

Popularity	Value	Frequency
1	iso-8859-1	54572
2	utf-8	27052
3	iso-8859-2	3919
4	shift_jis	2464
5	utf-16	1688
6	windows-1251	1291
7	windows-1250	1127
8	iso-8859-9	832
9	windows-1252	731
10	euc-jp	668
11	iso-8859-15	615
12	us-ascii	181
13	big5	155
14	gb2312	148
15	windows-1257	84
16	windows-1255	78
17	iso-2022-jp	54
18	iso-8859-7	49
19	windows-1256	44
20	iso-8859-13	38
21	utf8	32
22	\"utf-8\"	28
23	tis-620	26
24	shift-jis	19
25	koi8-r	19
26	euc-kr	16
27	windows-1254	14
28	charset=iso-8859-1	13
29	iso8859-1	13
30	\"iso-8859-1\"	12
31	latin1	12
32	cp1251	11
33	iso 8859-15	10
34	x-sjis	9
35	"windows-1252"	9
36	iso 8859-1	9
37	windows-874	7
38	iso8859-2	6
39	charset	6
40	iso-8859-8-i	6
41	gbk	6
42	iso-8859-4	6
43	windows-1253	5
44	\"iso-8859-2\"	4
45	windows-31j	4
46	win-1250	4

Windows NT startup process

The Windows NT startup process is the process by which Microsoft's Windows NT, Windows 2000, Windows XP and Windows Server 2003 operating systems initialize.

Boot Sequence

• Upon POWER ON, the CPU runs the instruction located at the memory location 0xFFFF0 of the BIOS.
• 0xFFFF0 contains a JUMP Instruction pointing to the BIOS start-up program, which then runs the POST to check & initialize required devices.
• The BIOS checks a pre-configured list of Non-Volatile Storage Devices (Boot Device Sequence)
• A bootable device has the last 2 bytes of the first sector containing 0xAA55 (Boot Signature)
• Once identified, BIOS loads the Boot Sector contents (from MBR in case of a HDD) to memory & transfers execution control to the boot code.
• MBR Code looks for a bootable partition from its Partition Table.
• The MBR code loads the boot sector code from that partition and executes it.
• The Boot Sector Code is mostly OS Specific which loads and executes the OS Kernel.
• If no Active Partition or invalid Active Partition Boot Sector, the MBR loads a secondary Loader to select the partition via user input.

From that point, the boot process continues as follows:

An NTLDR file, located in the root folder of the boot disk, is composed of two parts. The first is the StartUp module and immediately followed by the OS loader (osloader.exe), both stored within that file. When NTLDR is loaded into memory and control is first passed to StartUp module, the CPU is operating in real mode. StartUp module's main task is to switch the processor into protected mode, which facilitates 32-bit memory access, thus allowing it to create the initial Interrupt descriptor table, Global Descriptor Table, page tables and enable paging. This provides the basic operating environment on which the operating system will build. StartUp module then loads and launches OS loader.

Disable/Enable Windows default debugger Dr. Watson

If you feel it's useless for you anyway, just follow these steps to turn off.

1.Go to Start Menu -->> Run and type regedit.exe then press Enter.

2.Browse to the following registry. HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\Software\Microsoft\Windows NT\CurrentVersion\AeDebug

3.Click the AeDebug key, and then click Export Registry File on the Registry menu. Save the file and remember it.

4.Then you can delete the AeDebug key.
 

That's it! Whenever any programs crash again, Windows won't ask you whether you want to send data to Microsoft or not.

If you change your mind and want to enable Dr. Watson back. It's easy.

* Double-click the file you save in step 3.
* And then go to Start -->> Run -->> cmd.exe
* At the command prompt, type drwtsn32 -i